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The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes applied to the fabrication of structural components creates the need for design methodologies supporting structural optimization approaches that take into account the specific characteristics of the process. While AM processes enable unprecedented geometrical design freedom, which can result in significant reductions of component weight, on the other hand they have implications in the fatigue and fracture strength due to residual stresses and microstructural features. This is linked to stress concentration effects and anisotropy that still warrant further research. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences brings together papers investigating the features of AM processes relevant to the mechanical behavior of AM structural components, particularly, but not exclusively, from the viewpoints of fatigue and fracture behavior. Although the focus of the issue is on AM problems related to fatigue and fracture, articles dealing with other manufacturing processes with related problems are also be included.

History of engineering & technology --- milling process --- part functionality --- surface integrity --- research progress --- non-proportional mixed mode loading --- fractography --- mode II stress intensity factor --- finite element analysis --- rail steel --- wheel steel --- monolithic zirconia crown --- dental implant abutment --- cyclic loading --- mode III stress intensity factor --- FEA --- adaptive control --- fatigue testing --- simply supported bending --- mini specimen --- additive manufacturing --- 304L stainless steel --- LCF --- crack propagation --- blade-disc-Franc3D --- mixed-mode cracking --- fatigue life improvement --- materials characterization --- ultrasonic impact treatment --- DMLS --- fatigue --- fracture --- finite element method (FEM)

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Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility together with corrosion resistance. Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century and their annual consumption increased faster than other materials. They find application in all these fields requiring good corrosion resistance together with ability to be worked into complex geometries. Despite to their diffusion as a consolidated materials, many research fields are active regarding the possibility to increase stainless steels mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by grain refinement or by alloying by interstitial elements. At the same time innovations are coming from the manufacturing process of such a family of materials, also including the possibility to manufacture them starting from metals powder for 3D printing. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting about experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, microstructure-properties relations, applications including automotive, energy and structural.

reversion --- iron alloys --- reverted austenite --- n/a --- corrosion --- microstructure --- scatter index --- stainless steel --- electron backscattered diffraction --- supermartensitic stainless steel --- metastable austenitic stainless steel --- additive manufacturing --- fatigue --- mechanical spectroscopy --- stainless steel alloys --- 304L stainless steel --- non-metallic inclusions --- deformation --- connection --- nitriding --- non-metallic inclusion --- welding --- phase diagrams --- S–N curves --- surface treatments --- mechanical properties --- fatigue strength --- stainless-steel structure --- Hertz theory --- phase transformation --- prestrain --- high-speed steel --- Cr martensitic steel --- repair --- superduplex stainless steels --- historic timber structures --- cold rolling --- VOD refining --- borides --- annealing --- welded joints --- hot deformation --- Ca treatment --- reinforcement --- electrolytic extraction --- laser powder bed fusion --- point defects --- innovation --- high-boron steel --- duplex stainless steel --- secondary phases --- formation mechanism --- kinetics model --- duplex stainless steels --- simulations --- electric current --- intermetallics --- medical applications --- electrically assisted annealing --- grain size --- stainless steels --- structural dynamics --- finite element explicit analysis --- S-N curves